How to Prepare an Emergency Response Plan for Your Workplace

　　Emergencies and disasters can occur any time without warning. The more you are prepared for them, the better you will be able to act, reducing panic and confusion when an emergency occurs.

　　Emergency response plans (ERPs) are intended to provide clear and effective steps for managing an emergency. An ERP should deal with a variety of issues including evacuation of buildings, communication with local emergency services and the general public, individual roles and responsibilities during an emergency, and supplies and materials that may be needed.

　　Follow these basic guidelines to develop an effective ERP for your workplace:

　　• Determine when an evacuation would be necessary.

　　• Choose primary and secondary evacuation routes and emergency exits. Make sure they are clearly marked and well lit. Post signs.

　　• Install emergency lighting in case a power cut occurs during an evacuation.

　　• Ensure that evacuation routes and emergency exits are wide enough for people to be evacuated, clear at all times, and unlikely to expose evacuating people to additional hazards.

　　• Coordinate your plan with the local emergency management office.

　　• Choose “evacuation wardens” who will help others during an evacuation and account for employees.

　　• Establish specific evacuation procedures. This includes a sample ERP to give you a better idea of what your procedures should include.

　　• Establish a system for accounting for evacuated employees.

　　• Hold emergency drills at least once a year to ensure that employees know what to do in an emergency and to test the effectiveness of emergency exit routes and procedures. Keep records of such drills.

　　• Consider the transportation needs of employees.

　　• Post evacuation procedures where employees can read them.

　　• Establish procedures for helping people with disabilities and people who do not speak your local language.

　　• Consider how you could quickly get important personal information about employees in an emergency (for example, contact numbers for their home, next-of-kin, or special medical conditions.

句子正确选择 “T”；句子错误选择 “F”。

1. The emergency response plan is needed for reducing panic and confusion when an emergency occurs.

2. Supply of basic necessities is not included in an ERP.

3. According to the passage, the blocked emergency exits can help avoid further hazards.

4. The evacuation plan of your workplace should be in line with that of local emergency management office.

5. To ensure that employees know what to do in an emergency and to test the effectiveness of emergency exit routes, the emergency drills should be held once half a year.

答案：

1. 这是一道主旨题。本题询问这篇短文的中心思想。首先这道题根据常理可以判断是正确的，其次从文章第一段的第二句话里我们可以得知，紧急情况或灾难发生时，准备越充分，因此我们可以做出判断，应急响应计划能应对混乱，所以选T。

2. 这是一道细节题。一般对于细节题，我们需要查找信息所对应的句子或者句群。此题信息对应文章第二段的最后一句话，即“可能需要的供给品和物资”，所以选F。

3. 这是一道细节题。此题对应文章第八段的内容，文章中提到应急通道应宽敞，随时保持畅通，所以选F。

4. 这是一道细节题。文章第八段已经告知读者要与当地应急管理部门协调，所以选T。

5. 这是一道细节题。文章第十二段的第一句话已经告知读者多长时间举行一次演练，所以选F。

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